Fish / SPECIES GUIDE
Bar jack
Cojinua carbonera
Caranx ruber
Guide by Captain Big Joe (Joe Arias)
At a glance
Most are around 20 in (50 cm).
From the surface down to 115 ft (35 m), usually in the top 72 ft (22 m).
Dawn, dusk and periods of active current are strong starting windows; deeper reef fish may feed throughout daylight.
29 Caribbean areas
Know it
Spot it, size it up and learn its habits.
- Identification
An elongate jack with a dark stripe continuing from the back into the lower tail lobe.
- Physical appearance
Silver body; juveniles have roughly six dark bands.
- Typical size
Most are around 20 in (50 cm).
- Maximum size
Up to about 29 in (73 cm) long (fork length) and 18 lb (8.2 kg). Source: FishBase
- Diet
The bar jack feeds on fish, shrimp and other invertebrates.
- Behavior
Common in clear island waters and on coral reefs, usually in schools but sometimes alone; young stay around seaweed like sargassum. It is easy to approach; large ones have caused ciguatera.
Find it
Where, when and how deep to look.
- Where to find it
Found in Puerto Rico. Start in the documented habitat and substrate for this species, then narrow the search using depth, current, structure and food activity. Habitat reference:
- Habitat
Clear shallow reef water.
- Depth
From the surface down to 115 ft (35 m), usually in the top 72 ft (22 m).
- Fishing depth
Start tight to reef edges, ledges, drop-offs or marked structure and adjust to the depth where bait and fish are showing.
- Fishing environments
Clear shallow reef water. This is species-level habitat context, not proof for every linked area.
- Best season
Use current local reports and legal seasons; productive reef fishing is possible year-round when conditions and rules allow.
- Best time
Dawn, dusk and periods of active current are strong starting windows; deeper reef fish may feed throughout daylight.
- Best tides
Moving water is a common trigger; fish up-current edges, points and drop-offs where bait is pushed toward structure.
- Best weather / conditions
Choose sea state, wind and visibility that let you hold position and handle the fish safely. Avoid treating rough weather as a feeding advantage.
Bait & gear
What to tie on and what to throw.
- Best bait
Shrimp and small cut bait.
- Best artificial lures
Small jigs and spoons.
- Tackle setup
Start with a medium-heavy rod, 30 lb braid, 40–50 lb leader and a 3/0–5/0 hook or medium jig; scale to depth, current and fish size.
- Hook size
About 2/0–7/0 is a common starting range for bait fishing, scaled to species and bait; circle hooks are a practical release-friendly choice where appropriate.
- Line
20–50 lb braid or mono is a common reef starting range; heavier structure and larger fish call for more abrasion margin.
- Leader
30–80 lb abrasion-resistant mono/fluorocarbon is a common starting range; increase around sharp reef or very large fish.
BigJoe's setup for Bar jack
The rod, reel, line and lures BigJoe would use.
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Catch it
Step by step, from first cast to landing.
Step-by-step: how to catch it
- Start where the species is most likely to occur: Clear shallow reef water.
- Rig for the habitat and current: A knocker, fish-finder, dropper or simple jig setup are common choices; use only enough weight to hold the strike zone.
- Choose an offering that matches the fish and situation. Natural bait: Shrimp and small cut bait. Lures/alternatives: Small jigs and spoons.
- Fish it with this starting approach: Cast small jigs over reefs and flats edges. Presentation: Present bait naturally near the structure and maintain contact. With jigs, use short lifts and pauses before speeding up the retrieve.
- Use timing and water movement as adjustments, not guarantees. Time: Dawn, dusk and periods of active current are strong starting windows; deeper reef fish may feed throughout daylight. Tide/current: Moving water is a common trigger; fish up-current edges, points and drop-offs where bait is pushed toward structure.
- Fishing techniques
Cast small jigs over reefs and flats edges.
- Catch and release
For an ordinary small fish, minimize handling and air exposure, support its body and use a dehooker. Species-specific hazards take precedence.
Clean & cook
Is it good to eat, and how to prepare it.
- Edibility
Bar jack has documented food use in the BigJoe catalog/source set. Freshness matters — keep it on ice, and watch for any toxin or mercury advisory.
- Table quality
Good eating when small to medium: firm, mildly sweet white meat that is best bled and iced right away. Larger fish get darker and stronger; those are better smoked or in escabeche.
- Cleaning
Keep legal catches on ice.
- Cooking suggestions
General idea: bake a portion and use a thermometer to check 63°C / 145°F. This is not a species-specific recipe.
Clean It & Choose Your Cut
Food safety: Food safety: keep seafood cold, prevent cross-contamination, wash hands and tools, and refrigerate promptly.
Recommended cuts
- Skin-on fillet
- Skinless fillet
- Whole cleaned fish
- Steaks for larger fish
Cleaning steps
- Keep the catch cold from the moment it is legally retained.
- Use a clean, stable cutting surface and a sharp dedicated fillet knife.
- Scale first if cooking the fish whole or keeping skin-on portions and the species has scales.
- For fillets, cut behind the gill plate toward the backbone, then follow the backbone toward the tail with controlled strokes.
- Trim ribs and remove pin bones where present; remove skin only if the recipe calls for it.
- Rinse only as needed to remove visible debris, then pat dry; keep the edible portion cold and cook or refrigerate promptly.
Anatomy varies by species. These are general finfish steps, not a species-specific anatomical guarantee.
Cook your catch
Find tested island recipes for your fish, with sides.
Sushi & Japanese Raw/Cooked Options
A fully cooked fish roll with seasoned sushi rice, cucumber and scallion.
Cooked/seared fish served over seasoned rice with cucumber, scallion and sesame.
Eating it raw? Follow FDA raw-seafood safety advice — fresh off the boat isn't enough.
For raw slices, freeze the fish first or use very fresh, well-iced fish.
Stay safe & legal
Safety, rules and taking care of the fishery.
- Safety warnings
FOOD TOXIN RISK — this fish belongs to a group associated with ciguatera in tropical/Caribbean waters. Risk varies by location, species and fish; the toxin cannot be detected by appearance, taste or smell and cooking does not destroy it.
- Regulations
No species-specific size, bag or season limits are listed here.
- Conservation
Avoid damaging habitat and follow the local rules below. If it's protected, enjoy the sighting and let it be.
Where it's found & local rules
Tap an island for local spots and rules.
Sources & photo credits
Sources
- BigJoe species list and local rule sources
- FAO Western Central Atlantic, volume 3, PDF pages 76
- FDA — Selecting and serving seafood safely
- FWC — Fish handling and gear
- Common fishing know-how — a good starting point, not a legal rule.
- Smithsonian STRI Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean — Caribbean biology reference system used for cross-checking.
- NOAA Fisheries — current U.S. Caribbean rules/closures · Puerto Rico DRNA — current territorial rules
- FishBase — Caranx ruber species record
- CDC Yellow Book — Ciguatera fish poisoning
- CDC — Seafood poisoning / ciguatera
- FDA — Ciguatera poisoning reports and associated fish groups
Other names: No synonyms recorded.
Tips marked as common know-how come from everyday fishing. They're a starting point — not a safety check, a permit or a guaranteed catch.