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Freshwater

Tigerfish

Pez tigre africano

Hydrocynus vittatus

Freshwater

At a glance

Typical size

2–8 lb; a 10 lb fish is a trophy, and 15 lb+ fish come from Lake Kariba, the Zambezi and the Okavango.

Depth

Surface to 30 ft; usually near current seams and drop-offs.

Best time

Early morning and late afternoon; tigerfish also feed in the middle of hot days.

Found in

4 areas

1

Know it

Spot it, size it up and learn its habits.

Identification

Silver, streamlined fish with dark horizontal stripes along the sides, a red-orange to blood-red forked tail and fins, and big fang-like teeth that stick out over the lips even when the mouth is closed.

Typical size

2–8 lb; a 10 lb fish is a trophy, and 15 lb+ fish come from Lake Kariba, the Zambezi and the Okavango.

Maximum size

About 3½ ft and over 60 lb (28 kg) published; rod-caught fish over 30 lb are rare.

Diet

Other fish — small tetras, barbs, kapenta (Lake Kariba sardine) and anything that moves; even birds near the surface.

Behavior

Hunts in roving schools of same-size fish that ambush bait in fast water, at the edges of current and over drop-offs; the biggest fish hunt alone. Jumps wildly when hooked.

2

Find it

Where, when and how deep to look.

Where to find it

Found from African Lakes & Rivers, Southern Africa, Gulf of Guinea & Central Africa and Morocco & West Africa. Big warm rivers and lakes: the Zambezi (Lake Kariba, Lake Cahora Bassa, the upper Zambezi), the Okavango, the Congo basin, Lake Tanganyika, the Nile and Lake Albert, the Rufiji, and the Niger, Volta and Senegal in West Africa, south to the Pongolo in South Africa.

Habitat

Big warm rivers and lakes: the Zambezi (Lake Kariba, Lake Cahora Bassa, the upper Zambezi), the Okavango, the Congo basin, Lake Tanganyika, the Nile and Lake Albert, the Rufiji, and the Niger, Volta and Senegal in West Africa, south to the Pongolo in South Africa.

Depth

Surface to 30 ft; usually near current seams and drop-offs.

Fishing depth

3–20 ft along channel edges, rocky points, drowned trees and below rapids.

Best season

Best in the hot months before the rains, about September to December on the Zambezi and Kariba; on the Okavango the 'barbel run' (about September to November) brings red-hot fishing.

Best time

Early morning and late afternoon; tigerfish also feed in the middle of hot days.

Best tides

No tide — clear, warm water and steady river levels are best; falling water concentrates the fish in the channels.

Best weather / conditions

Hot, settled weather and clear water; muddy floodwater slows them down.

3

Bait & gear

What to tie on and what to throw.

Best bait

Strips or whole small fish (bream, kapenta, barbel) drifted with the current; a strip of tigerfish belly works well.

Best artificial lures

Inline spinners, spoons, minnow plugs and bright streamer flies, all on wire.

Tackle setup

7 ft medium-heavy spinning or baitcasting rod, or an 8–9 weight fly rod with a sinking line.

Hook size

Very sharp 2/0–5/0 single hooks or extra-strong trebles; their bony mouth makes hook-setting hard.

Line

20–30 lb braid.

Leader

A short wire or titanium leader is a must — the teeth cut through mono in a second.

4

Catch it

Step by step, from first cast to landing.

Step-by-step: how to catch it

  1. Go where it lives: Big warm rivers and lakes: the Zambezi (Lake Kariba, Lake Cahora Bassa, the upper Zambezi), the Okavango, the Congo basin, Lake Tanganyika, the Nile and Lake Albert, the Rufiji, and the Niger, Volta and Senegal in West Africa, south to the Pongolo in South Africa.
  2. Rig up: 7 ft medium-heavy spinning or baitcasting rod, or an 8–9 weight fly rod with a sinking line. A short wire or titanium leader is a must — the teeth cut through mono in a second.
  3. Pick your bait: Strips or whole small fish (bream, kapenta, barbel) drifted with the current; a strip of tigerfish belly works well. Lures: Inline spinners, spoons, minnow plugs and bright streamer flies, all on wire.
  4. Fish it: Drift down the channels and cast spinners or plugs to the edges of the current, or drift a fish strip just off the bottom. Strike hard as soon as you feel the hit and keep the line tight on every jump.
  5. Time it: Early morning and late afternoon; tigerfish also feed in the middle of hot days. No tide — clear, warm water and steady river levels are best; falling water concentrates the fish in the channels.
Fishing techniques

Drift down the channels and cast spinners or plugs to the edges of the current, or drift a fish strip just off the bottom. Strike hard as soon as you feel the hit and keep the line tight on every jump.

BigJoe's tip

Tigerfish throw more hooks than almost any fish — many anglers say you land one in five strikes. Use the sharpest hooks you can and set the hook two or three times.

Catch and release

Catch and release: wet your hands, keep the fish in the water when you can, and release it quickly. Use circle hooks and a dehooker.

5

Clean & cook

Is it good to eat, and how to prepare it.

Edibility

Edible but not prized — strong or bony; many anglers release it.

Cleaning

Bleed and ice it right away. Fillet, then remove the skin and any dark bloodline.

Cooking suggestions

Edible but very bony; locals smoke or fry small ones. Most sport-caught fish are released.

6

Stay safe & legal

Safety, rules and taking care of the fishery.

Safety warnings

The teeth are razor sharp: never put fingers near the mouth, use long pliers and a lip grip. Crocodiles and hippos share almost every tigerfish river — stay in the boat and keep hands out of the water.

Regulations

Most lodges and tournaments (such as the Kariba International Tiger Fish Tournament) are catch-and-release or limit what you keep. In South Africa tigerfish are at the southern edge of their range and are protected in some provinces, so they are released there. Each African country sells its own fishing license, and national parks, game reserves and many lodges charge separate rod or park fees; some lakes and rivers have closed seasons or catch-and-release rules — check before you go.

Conservation

Big tigerfish are worth more to lodges and guides alive. Release the trophies quickly and keep them in the water for the photo when you can.

Sources & photo credits

Sources

  1. FishBase — Hydrocynus vittatus
  2. IUCN Red List — Hydrocynus vittatus
  3. International Game Fish Association (IGFA)
  4. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture
  5. Photo credits